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Zhou Terminal profileбя
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Quan Zhou Terminal lies in the
southeast of Fujian Province, confronts Taiwa Province
across the Sea. It belongs to sub-tropical climate,
its sea area is wide and open, freeways of land area
extend vertically and horizontally. The Zhangping and
Quanzhou railroad extends the economic hinterland of
the Terminal to the west of Fujian Province, south of
Jiangxi Province and Hunan province.
In Quanzhou City, the length of continent costal line
is 427 kilometres, seaports distribute at Meizhou Bay,
Quanzhou Bay, Shenhu Bay and Weitou Bay, shore lines
is devious, and the improvable and expolrable port resource
is abundant. There's a historical record of Quanzhou
terminal, that is: "There're three bay and twelve
branch in Quanzhou." By the times going, today's
Quanzhou port has developed to be a port with four bays
and twelve port areas, they are: Xiaocuo port area of
Meizhou Bay (including the port groups specially used
by Fujian Oil Refining Chemical Co., Ltd), Quanzhou
Bay's Houzhu, Neigang, Congwu, Xiangzhi, Shihu and Xiutu
port area, Shenhu Bay's Meilin, Shenhu port area, and
Weitou Bay's Weitou, Dongshi, Shijing port area. Among
them, the Xiaocuo and Houzhu port area are the national
top-ranking port. Quanzhou port has a 1,500 years' history
of opening to the outside world. It is as early as Southern
Dynasties, that Quanzhou's ancient ports had been open
to foreign countries.
During the Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou ancient port was one
of the four ports which were the external transportation
of Southern China, and had set up organizations to administer
the abroad ministers and merchants who come to China
to transact business affairs. In Nontang Dynasty, "Queliyuan",
an organization which took charge for administration
of foreign trade was set up in Quanzhou, and Luo City
and Huanzhi Citong was built, hereby, the ancient Houzhou
Terminal was entitled "Citong Terminal". In
1087 A.C., a ship administration Dept. was set up in
Quanzhou, which "took charge for overseas goods,
ship taxation and trading, entertaining overseas merchants
and handling overseas cargoes". During Southern
Dynasties, the Quanzhou Terminal contacted with more
than 30 countries and regions of Southeast Asia, Northwest
Asia and the Southern Ocean about the business of water
carriage freight. During Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou ancient
port is the world's oriental primary port. During Yuan
and Song Dynasties, Quanzhou Terminal focused on silk
cloth as its main exported cargo, so the sea route from
the Quanzhou ancient port to the western ocean was given
the name of "the Silk Road on the Sea". Nowadays,
the Science, Education and Culture Organization of the
United Nations has confirmed that the jumping-off point
of Chinese ancient "silk road on sea" was
at Quanzhou ancient port, and organized the concerned
specialists of all nations in the world to make a complete
scientific research on it by the "Peace" ship.
With the approval of Chinese government, Quanzhou port
area was open to foreign ships in 1951, closed in 1957,
and reopened by the government on Jan.1, 1983. The port
groups which are specially used by the Fujian Oil Refining
Chemical Co., Ltd in the Xiaocuo port area and the bulk
cargo port at 10,000dwt level were approved by the government
to be open to foreign ships in 1993 and 1996. There're
anchorage grounds for overseas ships inspection in Quanzhou
Bay Kouxiangzhi Angle and south Meizhou Bay Dazhu Island,
which are equipped with seaboard broadcasting station
and pilot organization. They enable the Quanzhou Bay
to provide good service for overseas ships' passing
in/out and berthing at Quanzhou Terminal. Quanzhou Terminal
now has opened the container liner ship service lines
which extend from Quanzhou to Japan and Hong Kong, and
deal water carriage businesses with over 60 countries,
such as Russia, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore,
Philippine, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Koweit,
Oman, Iran, America, etc. The water carriage service
lines which extend to Hong Kong was opened on Aug. 16,
1987, and there was a long history of sea freightage
between Quanzhou Bay and Tai Wan Province which can
be traced back to A.D. 607. It was on 1984 that the
freightage trade between Quanzhou Bay and Tai Wan Province
come into a golden age. At present, there're ten Quanzhou
and Taiwan trade joint ventures in Quanzhou, and during
the trading busy time, there're five to six ships berthing
at Quanzhou Bay in one day. Four Quanzhou and Taiwan
joint trading ports have been built in Quanzhou Bay
, they're Shijing Port Area at 1,000dwt level, Congwu
Port Area at 1,000dwt level, Neigang Port Area at 200dwt
level and Weitou Port Area at 10,000dwt level, and liner
berth station in Congwu, Houzhu, Xiangzhi, Meilin, Shenhu,
Weitou, Shijing port areas. The trade business between
Quanzhou and Taiwan increases greatly every year.
From 1980 to 1997, in Quanzhou port, there have been
constructed 25 commercial docks at 200dwt to 10dwt level,
37 berths, one large-scale berth at 100,000dwt level,
three berths at 10,000dwt level, tens middle-scale berths
at 3,000~10,000dwt level (10,000dwt excluded), twenty-three
small-scale berths at 200~3,000dwt level (3,000dwt excluded).
The container special dock at 5,000dwt level of Houzhu
Port Area has been put into production on Oct.1st, 1997.
The capacity of yearly freight throughput of Quanzhou
Port Area has been amounted to 1,500m tons. From 1998
to 2000, there reconstructed some new projects: two
container berths at 5,000dwt level of Houzhu Port Area,
one bulk cargo berth at 10,000dwt level of Xiutu Port
Area, one general and bulk cargo berth at 5,000dwt level
of Shihu Port Area, one bulk cargo berth at 10,000dwt
level of Shenhu Port Area, one coal and char multipurpose
berth at 50,000dwt level of Xiaocuo Port Area, one foodstuff
transport berth at 100,000dwt level, one foodstuff transport
berth at 1,000dwt level, one crud oil berth at 250,000dwt
level, and one crud oil transferring berth at 50,000dwt
level. They are totally ten berths.
The present acreage of the Quanzhou Terminal's cargo
warehouse is 35,000sq.m, cargo yard 250,000sq.m. There're
more than 200 all kinds of equipment and machinery for
container operation. The maximum lifting capacity of
them is 50t. And the maximum lifting capacity of the
load/discharge shore-side crane in container special
dock of Houzhu Port Area is 305,000t. There are complete
port operation ships in Quanzhou Terminal, such as water-supply
ship, cable light boat, pilot light boat, traffic light
boat, tug boat, dredger, etc, and the maximum efficiency
of tug boat is of 3200HP.
The yearly freight throughput of Quanzhou Terminal in
1997 is of 1,006m tons, (including 23,000 standard containers).
That makes Quanzhou Terminal ranks 17th among Chinese
costal ports. The direct economic hinterland of Quanzhou
Terminal is Quanzhou District, viz. Quanzhou downtown,
Jinjiang City, Shishi City, Nanyan City, Huean County,
Xiaocuo Exploitation Zone, Anhue County, Yongchun County,
Dehua County. The acreage of the hinterland is over
10,000 sq.km. The backbone industry of Quanzhou City
are petroleum chemical industry, textile-costume-shoes-and-cap
industry, building material and chinaware, food and
beverage industry and electron and mechanism industry.
Until the year of 2010, the GDP of Quanzhou City will
be expected to be of 282,000m Yuan, gross export product
16,000m Yuan. Following the direct and indirect economic
hinterland development programming, the freight throughput
of Quanzhou Terminal in 2000 will expected to be of
16,480,000 tons (including 125000 standard containers),
41,300,000 tons in 2010 (including 58,7500 tons standard
containers.)
Quanzhou Bay is a bay that has the maximum dock berths
in Quanzhou Terminal. Among the berths, Houzhu Port
Area is the main open port area of Quanzhou Terminal.
Quanzhou Bay. Quanzhou Terminal belongs to normal half-day
tide, has a costal line of 18km and a water area of
167sq, and the maximum margin of its tide is 6.93m.
The Quanzhou ports in Quanzhou Bay are built to be with
a costal line of 11.288m, among them Houzhu port area
3,698m, Xiutu port area 2,240m, Shihu port area 5,350m.
There're Houzhu, Baiqi, Xiutu, Shihu and Seven Stars
anchorage grounds in Quanzhou Bay. The main sea-route
of Houzhu port area is at a length of 8.3 sea miles,
with two launch-outs: Xiaozhuimen and Dazhuimen among
which Xiaozhuimen is the main launch-out. Houzhu Port
Area is 84 sea miles from Xiamen Terminal, 157 sea miles
from Mawei Terminal of Fuzhou, 597 sea miles from Shanghai
Terminal, 357 sea miles from Hong Kong Termianl, and
152 sea miles from Keelung Terminal of Taiwan. The Houzhu
Port Area, with a 23m broad Sugang Road, is 9km from
Quanzhou downtown area, and join with 324 national road
directly and is interlinked with Fuzhou and Xiamen highway.
The special railroad which extends from Zhangping and
Quanzhou railroad to Houzhu Port Area is being under
construction.
The Meizhou Bay which water area is of 516sq.km., has
a long gulf, deep water area. There's none great river
and sea floods into sea, and none accumulation of mud.
The more-than-10m water area's acreage is 100sq.km.
It belongs to half-day tide, and the maximum, minimum
and average margin of its tide is 7.59m, 2.22m and 5.11m.
The Xiaocui Terminal lies to the south of Meizhou Bay.
Its layout costal line is at a length of 3,275m, the
put-in B road which joins with 324 national road is
at a length of 15km. The layout depth alongside of Its
10,000dwt level bulk cargo dock's is of -10m, 17 sea
miles from the pilot joint inspection anchorage ground,
depth of sea route is 12m to 19m, width 258m. The economic
hinterland of the port area has been expanded by extending
the Zhangping and Quanzhou railroad to Xiaocuo port
area. The layout port area---Douwei Port Area lies in
Meizhou Bay, Huian County. Its depth alongside is near
30m, layout costal line is 3,000m or so.
At present, there're organizations in Quanzhou Terminal:
China Quanzhou Foreign Ships Agency Co., China Foreign
Ships Tally Head Office, Quanzhou Filiale, Quanzhou
Harbour superintendency Administration of PRC, Quanzhou
Customs of PRC, Quanzhou Frontier Defence Checkpoint
of PRC, Quanzhou Sanitation Quarantine Bureau of PRC,
Quanzhou Propagation Quarantine Bureau of PRC, Quanzhou
Export and Import Merchandise Inspection Bureau of PRC,
Quanzhou Foreign Ships Provision Co., Quanzhou International
Mariner Club, etc.
Quanzhou has been a main gateway opens to the outside
world among the southwest of Fujian from of old. Nowadays,
all the open port areas of Quanzhou Terminal are standing
along the costal lines of southwest of Fujian in a new
show to receive ships coming from the places all round
the world.
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